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National biological defence research and development programme

1. 说明方案的目标和供资情况,概述方案中进行的主要研究与发展活动。述及的领域应包括:预防、致病性和毒性研究、诊断技术研究、大气生物学研究、检测研究、治疗研究、毒理学研究、实际防护研究、消除污染研究和其他有关研究。

Methods are developed for detection, identification and analysis of bacteria, viruses and toxins, and for prediction and management of consequences of potential biologic agent release. Field trial capacity for outdoor biological detection is established in order to successfully evaluate B-detection instruments using BW-simulants and occasionally to train military personnel in using biodetection equipment.

More specifically:

Analysis of biological agents and toxins

The R&D activities focus on development of sampling, preparation of mixed CBRN samples, rapid identification methods for biothreat agents and medical countermeasures focusing on antivirals. The analysis methods are based primarily on different types of DNA and RNA methods, and to some extent on immunological methods. In addition, volatile organic compound (VOCs) signatures are under evaluation for rapid identification of bacteria.

Also high-resolution genomic forensic analysis of biothreat pathogenic agents for verification purposes is performed. In this context, statistical frameworks for calculation of evidence values for attribution purposes are developed. The scientific research focuses on understanding the movement of pathogens and associated diseases through a population and geography (epidemiology), and the changes associated with the propagation of pathogens over time (evolution).  The toxin analysis research involves development of sensitive methods for toxin preparation and mass spectrometric or immunological detection of protein toxins as ricin and Botulinum neurotoxins.

These activities are funded by the Ministry of Defence (12.2 MSEK), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (4.7 MSEK), the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (2.3 MSEK), the US Defence Threat Reduction Agency, DTRA (0.6 MSEK), the European Commission (1.8 MSEK and External research funding 1.2 MSEK) 

Detection of B-agents

Here the objective is to discover the presence of health threatening levels of biological substances in the air before they have negative impact on mission effectiveness, and also to provide timely information to initiate sampling and permit forces to adopt an appropriate level of individual and collective protection. The need for close to real-time, automatic measurements excludes the requirement for characterisation of the hazard substances.

The research in the area has been focused on Laser Induced Fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The combined LIF + LIBS system is used to measure spectral signatures from different biological aerosol (Simili substances) and interferents. Different data extraction/classification algorithms are thereafter evaluated. Test and evaluation facilities are developed in order to continuously evaluate the different steps of the biodetector development and also to be able to evaluate commercial biodetectors.

Together with the Swedish Armed Forces National CBRN Defence Centre, we have access to a specific outdoor facility suitable for large scale field trials. In this facility bioaerosols of simulant agents can be studied under field conditions. However, during 2020, no such biological field trial was performed.

The B-detection activities are mainly funded by the Ministry of Defence (2.0 MSEK).

Environmental fate of potential biological warfare agents

This project investigates the properties of potential biological warfare agents with relevance for persistence in the environment, potential further dispersal and potential maintenance of virulence. Virulence properties are evaluated in cell and animal infection models. The objective is to increase the understanding of the environmental fate of the organism after, for instance, a deliberate or accidental release of the pathogen in a specific milieu. Such knowledge will in turn provide a basis for related threat and risk assessments for civilian preparedness including decontamination issues.

These activities are funded by the Ministry of Defence (7.4 MSEK), US Defence Threat Reduction Agency, DTRA (2.6 MSEK). Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (0.7 MSEK), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1.0 MSEK).

3. 这些方案的各部分是否以合同方式交由工业界、学术机构或其他不属于国防部门的设施进行?
4. 如果答复为“是”,为每一方案提供的资金总额中拨出多大比例给上述承包设施或其他设施?
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5. 概述由承包者和其他设施以第4段所指资金执行的每一方案的目标和研究领域。
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6. 图示每一方案的组织结构和报告关系(包括参与方案的各设施)。

Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) Div. of CBRN Defence and Security:

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7. 根据表格A第2(三)部分宣布报告国领土内或其管辖或控制下的任何地方把很大一部分资源专用于执行每一国家生物战防御研究与发展方案的每一政府设施和非政府设施。
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